user-INTERFACE

Design and characterization of applications and digital products UI UX

User Interface (User Interface or UI for short)

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It is the part of the system that is exposed to its user, so that through it the connection between the user and the system is maintained. "System", in this context is תוכנהReferred to, any device or object, intended for the use of a person.

The concept of "interface" is a concept that originates fromSystems Engineering. Besides UI There are also environment interface - The parts of the system exposed to environmental influence andThe task interface – The part of the system that performs the task for which the system is intended. For example, in a car, The operation interface He is the tires. UI Contains all the parts of the car that the driver deals with while driving (steering wheel, pedals, gear stick, surface area of ​​mirrors and windows, radio buttons...). environment interface Contains every part of the car that environmental conditions may affect its operation, including part of the user interface and the operation interface.

Spare parts and mass production

Before the industrial revolution, most devices were simple and had few parts. In addition, the components of a particular device were manufactured in such a way that they fit almost exclusively to it - it was not possible, for example, to exchange between the wheels of two carriages or between the scabbards of two swords. The industrial revolution meant almost identical devices with nearly similar parts were mass-produced. Among such devices, details could be exchanged, and a part of a device that tended to break down more often than other parts was produced more often and bought as a single unit - a spare part.

The birth of the user interface

With the refinements in the industry and the culture of the parts in each device, a constraint was created for the individual designer to design only individual parts of a device without knowing the whole device in depth. In the XNUMXs, devices began to appear on the market when they did not contain a complete system of parts, but preparations for adding parts that were necessarily bought separately. For example, a recording device came on the market with a speaker and a jack for headphones but without the headphones themselves. In this situation where every device has countless parts and one must also think about the parts it contains only preparation for their addition and the parts that decide not to even arrange a preparation for them, the production managers had to characterize groups of parts and talk about them in generalities. Thus the use of terms like "user interface" became necessary.

Functional considerations

עיצוב The user interface has become an independent profession, in which experts from different fields deal - psychologyHuman FactorscomputerizationGraphic Design. Many efforts and resources are invested in design, such as construction Prototype And editing pilot experiment Its purpose is to ensure the creation of an interface. user friendlyaccessible and encourages efficient work.

The design of the user interface is done mainly according to functional considerations - what is the most convenient way in which the user can achieve his goals through the user interface and the system behind it while maintaining Interactivity experienced Considerations are usually expressed as well marketing - Creating a user interface that makes the product attractive and differentiated from competing products. A very familiar example of this is the design of Bottle the drinkCoca-Cola” (this is the “user interface” for the drink inside the bottle), in which functional (comfortable holding of the bottle) and marketing considerations (the bottle is trademark).

An example of functional considerations in the design of the user interface see the entry UsefulnessWebsite navigation, which deals with one of the components of the user interface.

The user interface for the products תוכנה Sometimes it can be customized to the specific needs and preferences of the user. Godbrowser For example, allows customization of the sizefont, how to display the links and more. The personalization details are usually saved under User profile the appropriate Sometimes it is possible to manipulate the colors and graphic symbols of the user interface, and in this case the different variations are called "shell" (inEnglish: Skin, this is the "skin" of the software, as opposed to the functionality found within it).

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